Yehezkiel 4:10

4:10 The food you eat will be eight ounces ¹  a day by weight; you must eat it at fixed ²  times.

Yehezkiel 5:5

5:5 “This is what the sovereign Lord says: This is Jerusalem; I placed her in the center of the nations with countries all around her.

Yehezkiel 5:9-10

5:9 I will do to you what I have never done before and will never do again because of all your abominable practices. ³  5:10 Therefore fathers will eat their sons within you, Jerusalem, ⁴  and sons will eat their fathers. I will execute judgments on you, and I will scatter any survivors ⁵  to the winds. ⁶ 

Yehezkiel 6:14

6:14 I will stretch out my hand against them ⁷  and make the land a desolate waste from the wilderness to Riblah, ⁸  in all the places where they live. Then they will know that I am the Lord!”

Yehezkiel 7:7

7:7 Doom is coming upon you who live in the land! The time is coming, the day ⁹  is near. There are sounds of tumult, not shouts of joy, on the mountains. ¹⁰ 

Yehezkiel 7:11

7:11 Violence ¹¹  has grown into a staff that supports wickedness. Not one of them will be left ¹²  – not from their crowd, not from their wealth, not from their prominence. ¹³ 

Yehezkiel 8:8-9

8:8 He said to me, “Son of man, dig into the wall.” So I dug into the wall and discovered a doorway.

8:9 He said to me, “Go in and see the evil abominations they are practicing here.”

Yehezkiel 8:17

8:17 He said to me, “Do you see, son of man? Is it a trivial thing that the house of Judah commits these abominations they are practicing here? For they have filled the land with violence and provoked me to anger still further. Look, they are putting the branch to their nose! ¹⁴ 

Yehezkiel 14:21

14:21 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: How much worse will it be when I send my four terrible judgments – sword, famine, wild animals, and plague – to Jerusalem ¹⁵  to kill both people and animals!

Yehezkiel 15:5

15:5 Indeed! If it was not made into anything useful when it was whole, how much less can it be made into anything when the fire has burned it up and it is charred?

Yehezkiel 16:13

16:13 You were adorned with gold and silver, while your clothing was of fine linen, silk, and embroidery. You ate the finest flour, honey, and olive oil. You became extremely beautiful and attained the position of royalty.

Yehezkiel 16:31-32

16:31 When you built your chamber at the head of every street and put up your pavilion in every public square, you were not like a prostitute, because you scoffed at payment. ¹⁶ 

16:32 “‘Adulterous wife, who prefers strangers instead of her own husband!

Yehezkiel 16:49

16:49 “‘See here – this was the iniquity ¹⁷  of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters had majesty, abundance of food, and enjoyed carefree ease, but they did not help ¹⁸  the poor and needy.

Yehezkiel 16:57

16:57 before your evil was exposed? Now you have become an object of scorn to the daughters of Aram ¹⁹  and all those around her and to the daughters of the Philistines – those all around you who despise you.

Yehezkiel 17:7

17:7 “‘There was another great eagle ²⁰ 

with broad wings and thick plumage.

Now this vine twisted its roots toward him

and sent its branches toward him

to be watered from the soil where it was planted.

Yehezkiel 17:21

17:21 All the choice men ²¹  among his troops will die ²²  by the sword and the survivors will be scattered to every wind. Then you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken!

Yehezkiel 18:23

18:23 Do I actually delight in the death of the wicked, declares the sovereign Lord? Do I not prefer that he turn from his wicked conduct and live?

Yehezkiel 20:16

20:16 I did this ²³  because they rejected my regulations, did not follow my statutes, and desecrated my Sabbaths; for their hearts followed their idols. ²⁴ 

Yehezkiel 21:9

21:9 “Son of man, prophesy and say: ‘This is what the Lord says:

“‘A sword, a sword is sharpened,

and also polished.

Yehezkiel 23:4

23:4 Oholah was the name of the older and Oholibah ²⁵  the name of her younger sister. They became mine, and gave birth to sons and daughters. ²⁶  Oholah is Samaria and Oholibah is Jerusalem.

Yehezkiel 23:14

23:14 But she increased her prostitution. She saw men carved on the wall, images of the Chaldeans carved in bright red, ²⁷ 

Yehezkiel 23:19-20

23:19 Yet she increased her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth when she engaged in prostitution in the land of Egypt. 23:20 She lusted after their genitals – as large as those of donkeys, ²⁸  and their seminal emission was as strong as that of stallions.

Yehezkiel 24:6

24:6 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says:

Woe to the city of bloodshed,

the pot whose rot ²⁹  is in it,

whose rot has not been removed ³⁰  from it!

Empty it piece by piece.

No lot has fallen on it. ³¹ 

Yehezkiel 26:17

26:17 They will sing this lament over you: ³² 

“‘How you have perished – you have vanished ³³  from the seas,

O renowned city, once mighty in the sea,

she and her inhabitants, who spread their terror! ³⁴ 

Yehezkiel 27:17

27:17 Judah and the land of Israel were your clients; they traded wheat from Minnith, ³⁵  millet, honey, olive oil, and balm for your merchandise.

Yehezkiel 28:2-3

28:2 “Son of man, say to the prince ³⁶  of Tyre, ‘This is what the sovereign Lord says:

“‘Your heart is proud ³⁷  and you said, “I am a god; ³⁸ 

I sit in the seat of gods, in the heart of the seas” –

yet you are a man and not a god,

though you think you are godlike. ³⁹ 

28:3 Look, you are wiser than Daniel; ⁴⁰ 

no secret is hidden from you. ⁴¹ 

Yehezkiel 28:7

28:7 I am about to bring foreigners ⁴²  against you, the most terrifying of nations.

They will draw their swords against the grandeur made by your wisdom, ⁴³ 

and they will defile your splendor.

Yehezkiel 29:12

29:12 I will turn the land of Egypt into a desolation in the midst of desolate lands; for forty years her cities will lie desolate in the midst of ruined cities. I will scatter Egypt among the nations and disperse them among foreign countries.

Yehezkiel 30:11

30:11 He and his people with him,

the most terrifying of the nations, ⁴⁴ 

will be brought there to destroy the land.

They will draw their swords against Egypt,

and fill the land with corpses.

Yehezkiel 31:8

31:8 The cedars in the garden of God could not eclipse it,

nor could the fir trees ⁴⁵  match its boughs;

the plane trees were as nothing compared to its branches;

no tree in the garden of God could rival its beauty.

Yehezkiel 31:10-12

31:10 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Because it was tall in stature, and its top reached into the clouds, and it was proud of its height, 31:11 I gave it over to the leader of the nations. He has judged it thoroughly, ⁴⁶  as its sinfulness deserves. I have thrown it out. 31:12 Foreigners from the most terrifying nations have cut it down and left it to lie there on the mountains. In all the valleys its branches have fallen, and its boughs lie broken in the ravines of the land. All the peoples of the land ⁴⁷  have departed ⁴⁸  from its shade and left it.

Yehezkiel 31:16-17

31:16 I made the nations shake at the sound of its fall, when I threw it down to Sheol, along with those who descend to the pit. ⁴⁹  Then all the trees of Eden, the choicest and the best of Lebanon, all that were well-watered, were comforted in the earth below. 31:17 Those who lived in its shade, its allies ⁵⁰  among the nations, also went down with it to Sheol, to those killed by the sword.

Yehezkiel 32:2

32:2 “Son of man, sing a lament for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him:

“‘You were like a lion ⁵¹  among the nations,

but you are a monster in the seas;

you thrash about in your streams,

stir up the water with your feet,

and muddy your ⁵²  streams.

Yehezkiel 32:12

32:12 By the swords of the mighty warriors I will cause your hordes to fall –

all of them are the most terrifying among the nations.

They will devastate the pride of Egypt,

and all its hordes will be destroyed.

Yehezkiel 32:19

32:19 Say to them, ⁵³  ‘Whom do you surpass in beauty? ⁵⁴  Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised!’

Yehezkiel 33:31

33:31 They come to you in crowds, ⁵⁵  and they sit in front of you as ⁵⁶  my people. They hear your words, but do not obey ⁵⁷  them. For they talk lustfully, ⁵⁸  and their heart is set on ⁵⁹  their own advantage. ⁶⁰ 

Yehezkiel 40:3

40:3 When he brought me there, I saw ⁶¹  a man whose appearance was like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring stick in his hand. He was standing in the gateway.

Yehezkiel 40:5

40:5 I saw ⁶²  a wall all around the outside of the temple. ⁶³  In the man’s hand was a measuring stick 10½ feet ⁶⁴  long. He measured the thickness of the wall ⁶⁵  as 10½ feet, ⁶⁶  and its height as 10½ feet.

Yehezkiel 40:18-19

40:18 The pavement was beside the gates, corresponding to the length of the gates; this was the lower pavement. 40:19 Then he measured the width from before the lower gate to the front of the exterior of the inner court as 175 feet ⁶⁷  on the east and on the north.

Yehezkiel 40:42

40:42 The four tables for the burnt offering were of carved stone, 32 inches ⁶⁸  long, 32 inches ⁶⁹  wide, and 21 inches ⁷⁰  high. They would put the instruments which they used to slaughter the burnt offering and the sacrifice on them.

Yehezkiel 41:6-8

41:6 The side chambers were in three stories, one above the other, thirty in each story. There were offsets in the wall all around to serve as supports for the side chambers, so that the supports were not in the wall of the temple. 41:7 The side chambers surrounding the temple were wider at each successive story; ⁷¹  for the structure ⁷²  surrounding the temple went up story by story all around the temple. For this reason the width of the temple increased as it went up, and one went up from the lowest story to the highest by the way of the middle story.

41:8 I saw that the temple had a raised platform all around; the foundations of the side chambers were a full measuring stick ⁷³  of 10½ feet ⁷⁴  high.

Yehezkiel 42:3

42:3 Opposite the 35 feet ⁷⁵  that belonged to the inner court, and opposite the pavement which belonged to the outer court, gallery faced gallery in the three stories.

Yehezkiel 42:7

42:7 As for the outer wall by the side of the chambers, toward the outer court facing the chambers, it was 87½ feet ⁷⁶  long.

Yehezkiel 43:13-14

The Altar

43:13 “And these are the measurements of the altar: ⁷⁷  Its base ⁷⁸  is 1¾ feet ⁷⁹  high, ⁸⁰  and 1¾ feet ⁸¹  wide, and its border nine inches ⁸²  on its edge. This is to be the height ⁸³  of the altar. 43:14 From the base of the ground to the lower edge is 3½ feet, ⁸⁴  and the width 1¾ feet; ⁸⁵  and from the smaller ledge to the larger edge, 7 feet, ⁸⁶  and the width 1¾ feet;

Yehezkiel 44:7

44:7 When you bring foreigners, those uncircumcised in heart and in flesh, into my sanctuary, you desecrate ⁸⁷  it – even my house – when you offer my food, the fat and the blood. You ⁸⁸  have broken my covenant by all your abominable practices.

Yehezkiel 44:19

44:19 When they go out to the outer court to the people, they must remove the garments they were ministering in, and place them in the holy chambers; they must put on other garments so that they will not transmit holiness to the people with their garments. ⁸⁹ 

Yehezkiel 45:1

The Lord’s Portion of the Land

45:1 “‘When you allot the land as an inheritance, you will offer an allotment ⁹⁰  to the Lord, a holy portion from the land; the length will be eight and a quarter miles ⁹¹  and the width three and one-third miles. ⁹²  This entire area will be holy. ⁹³ 

Yehezkiel 45:8

45:8 of the land. This will be his property in Israel. My princes will no longer oppress my people, but the land will be allotted to the house of Israel according to their tribes.

Yehezkiel 45:11

45:11 The dry and liquid measures will be the same, the bath will contain a tenth of a homer, ⁹⁴  and the ephah a tenth of a homer; the homer will be the standard measure.

Yehezkiel 46:21

46:21 Then he brought me out to the outer court and led me past the four corners of the court, and I noticed ⁹⁵  that in every corner of the court there was a court.

Yehezkiel 47:17

47:17 The border will run from the sea to Hazar-enan, at the border of Damascus, and on the north is the border of Hamath. This is the north side.

Yehezkiel 48:15

48:15 “The remainder, one and two-thirds miles ⁹⁶  in width and eight and a quarter miles ⁹⁷  in length, will be for common use by the city, for houses and for open space. The city will be in the middle of it;

Yehezkiel 48:18

48:18 The remainder of the length alongside the holy allotment will be three and one-third miles ⁹⁸  to the east and three and one-third miles toward the west, and it will be beside the holy allotment. Its produce will be for food for the workers of the city.

Yehezkiel 48:21

48:21 “The rest, on both sides of the holy allotment and the property of the city, will belong to the prince. Extending from the eight and a quarter miles ⁹⁹  of the holy allotment to the east border, and westward from the eight and a quarter miles ¹⁰⁰  to the west border, alongside the portions, it will belong to the prince. The holy allotment and the sanctuary of the temple will be in the middle of it.

[4:10]  ¹ sn Eight ounces (Heb “twenty shekels”). The standards for weighing money varied considerably in the ancient Near East, but the generally accepted weight for the shekel is 11.5 grams (0.4 ounce). This makes the weight of grain about 230 grams here (8 ounces).

[4:10]  ² tn Heb “from time to time.”

[5:9]  ³ tn Or “abominable idols.”

[5:10]  ⁴ tn In context “you” refers to the city of Jerusalem. To make this clear for the modern reader, “Jerusalem” has been supplied in the translation in apposition to “you.”

[5:10]  sn This cannibalism would occur as a result of starvation due to the city being besieged. It is one of the judgments threatened for a covenant law violation (Lev 26:29; see also Deut 28:53; Jer 19:9; Lam 2:20; Zech 11:9).

[5:10]  ⁵ tn Heb “all of your survivors.”

[5:10]  ⁶ tn Heb “to every wind.”

[6:14]  ⁷ sn I will stretch out my hand against them is a common expression in the book of Ezekiel (14:9, 13; 16:27; 25:7; 35:3).

[6:14]  ⁸ tc The Vulgate reads the name as “Riblah,” a city north of Damascus. The MT reads Diblah, a city otherwise unknown. The letters resh (ר) and dalet (ד) may have been confused in the Hebrew text. The town of Riblah was in the land of Hamath (2 Kgs 23:33) which represented the northern border of Israel (Ezek 47:14).

[7:7]  ⁹ sn The day refers to the day of the Lord, a concept which, beginning in Amos 5:18-20, became a common theme in the OT prophetic books. It refers to a time when the Lord intervenes in human affairs as warrior and judge.

[7:7]  ¹⁰ tc The LXX reads “neither tumult nor birth pains.” The LXX varies at many points from the MT in this chapter. The context suggests that one or both of these would be present on a day of judgment, thus favoring the MT. Perhaps more significant is the absence of “the mountains” in the LXX. If the ר (resh) in הָרִים (harim, “the mountains” not “on the mountains”) were a ד (dalet), which is a common letter confusion, then it could be from the same root as the previous word, הֵד (hed), meaning “the day is near – with destruction, not joyful shouting.”

[7:11]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the violence.”

[7:11]  ¹² tc The LXX reads “he will crush the wicked rod without confusion or haste.”

[7:11]  tn The verb has been supplied for the Hebrew text to clarify the sense.

[7:11]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew word occurs only here in the OT.

[8:17]  ¹⁴ tn It is not clear what the practice of “holding a branch to the nose” indicates. A possible parallel is the Syrian relief of a king holding a flower to his nose as he worships the stars (ANEP 281). See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 1:145-46. The LXX glosses the expression as “Behold, they are like mockers.”

[14:21]  ¹⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[16:31]  ¹⁶ tn The Hebrew term, which also occurs in vv. 34 and 41 of this chapter, always refers to the payment of a prostitute (Deut 23:19; Isa 23:17; Hos 9:1; Mic 1:7).

[16:49]  ¹⁷ tn Or “guilt.”

[16:49]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “strengthen the hand of.”

[16:57]  ¹⁹ tc So MT, LXX, and Vulgate; many Hebrew mss and Syriac read “Edom.”

[17:7]  ²⁰ sn The phrase another great eagle refers to Pharaoh Hophra.

[17:21]  ²¹ tc Some manuscripts and versions read “choice men,” while most manuscripts read “fugitives”; the difference arises from the reversal, or metathesis, of two letters, מִבְרָחָיו (mivrakhyv) for מִבְחָריו (mivkharyv).

[17:21]  ²² tn Heb “fall.”

[20:16]  ²³ tn The words “I did this” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied for stylistic reasons. Verses 15-16 are one long sentence in the Hebrew text. The translation divides this sentence into two for stylistic reasons.

[20:16]  ²⁴ tn Heb “for after their idols their heart was going.” The use of the active participle (“was going”) in the Hebrew text draws attention to the ongoing nature of their idolatrous behavior.

[23:4]  ²⁵ tn The names Oholah and Oholibah are both derived from the word meaning “tent.” The meaning of Oholah is “her tent,” while Oholibah means “my tent is in her.”

[23:4]  ²⁶ sn In this allegory the Lord is depicted as being the husband of two wives. The OT law prohibited a man from marrying sisters (Lev 18:18), but the practice is attested in the OT (cf. Jacob). The metaphor is utilized here for illustrative purposes and does not mean that the Lord condoned such a practice or bigamy in general.

[23:14]  ²⁷ tn The only other occurrence of the Hebrew term is in Jer 22:14.

[23:20]  ²⁸ tn Heb “She lusted after their concubines (?) whose flesh was the flesh of donkeys.” The phrase “their concubines” is extremely problematic here. The pronoun is masculine plural, suggesting that the Egyptian men are in view, but how concubines would fit into the picture envisioned here is not clear. Some suggest that Ezekiel uses the term in an idiomatic sense of “paramour,” but this still fails to explain how the pronoun relates to the noun. It is more likely that the term refers here to the Egyptians’ genitals. The relative pronoun that follows introduces a more specific description of their genitals.

[24:6]  ²⁹ tn Or “rust.”

[24:6]  ³⁰ tn Heb “has not gone out.”

[24:6]  ³¹ tn Here “lot” may refer to the decision made by casting lots; it is not chosen at all.

[26:17]  ³² tn Heb “and they will lift up over you a lament and they will say to you.”

[26:17]  ³³ tn Heb “O inhabitant.” The translation follows the LXX and understands a different Hebrew verb, meaning “cease,” behind the consonantal text. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 2:72, and D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:43.

[26:17]  ³⁴ tn Heb “she and her inhabitants who placed their terror to all her inhabitants.” The relationship of the final prepositional phrase to what precedes is unclear. The preposition probably has a specifying function here, drawing attention to Tyre’s inhabitants as the source of the terror mentioned prior to this. In this case, one might paraphrase verse 17b: “she and her inhabitants, who spread their terror; yes, her inhabitants (were the source of this terror).”

[27:17]  ³⁵ sn The location is mentioned in Judg 11:33.

[28:2]  ³⁶ tn Or “ruler” (NIV, NCV).

[28:2]  ³⁷ tn Heb “lifted up.”

[28:2]  sn See Prov 16:5.

[28:2]  ³⁸ tn Or “I am divine.”

[28:2]  ³⁹ tn Heb “and you made your heart (mind) like the heart (mind) of gods.”

[28:3]  ⁴⁰ sn Or perhaps “Danel” (so TEV), referring to a ruler known from Canaanite legend. See the note on “Daniel” in 14:14. A reference to Danel (preserved in legend at Ugarit, near the northern end of the Phoenician coast) makes more sense here when addressing Tyre than in 14:14.

[28:3]  ⁴¹ sn The tone here is sarcastic, reflecting the ruler’s view of himself.

[28:7]  ⁴² sn This is probably a reference to the Babylonians.

[28:7]  ⁴³ tn Heb “they will draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom.”

[30:11]  ⁴⁴ tn The Babylonians were known for their cruelty (2 Kgs 25:7).

[31:8]  ⁴⁵ tn Or “cypress trees” (cf. NASB, NLT); NIV “pine trees.”

[31:11]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “acting he has acted with regard to it.” The infinitive absolute precedes the main verb to emphasize the certainty and decisiveness of the action depicted.

[31:12]  ⁴⁷ tn Or “earth” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[31:12]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “gone down.”

[31:16]  ⁴⁹ sn For the expression “going down to the pit,” see Ezek 26:20; 32:18, 24, 29.

[31:17]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “its arm.”

[32:2]  ⁵¹ tn The lion was a figure of royalty (Ezek 19:1-9).

[32:2]  ⁵² tc The Hebrew reads “their streams”; the LXX reads “your streams.”

[32:19]  ⁵³ tc The LXX places this verse after v. 21.

[32:19]  tn The words “say to them” are added in the translation for clarity to indicate the shift in addressee from the prophet to Egypt.

[32:19]  ⁵⁴ tn Heb “pleasantness.”

[33:31]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “as people come.” Apparently this is an idiom indicating that they come in crowds. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:264.

[33:31]  ⁵⁶ tn The word “as” is supplied in the translation.

[33:31]  ⁵⁷ tn Heb “do.”

[33:31]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “They do lust with their mouths.”

[33:31]  ⁵⁹ tn Heb “goes after.”

[33:31]  ⁶⁰ tn The present translation understands the term often used for “unjust gain” in a wider sense, following M. Greenberg, who also notes that the LXX uses a term which can describe either sexual or ritual pollution. See M. Greenberg, Ezekiel (AB), 2:687.

[40:3]  ⁶¹ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[40:5]  ⁶² tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[40:5]  ⁶³ tn Heb “house.”

[40:5]  ⁶⁴ tn Heb “a measuring stick of six cubits, [each] a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Therefore the measuring stick in the man’s hand was 10.5 feet (3.15 meters) long. Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.

[40:5]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “building.”

[40:5]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “one rod [or “reed”]” (also a second time in this verse, twice in v. 6, three times in v. 7, and once in v. 8).

[40:19]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “one hundred cubits” (i.e., 52.5 meters).

[40:42]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).

[40:42]  ⁶⁹ tn Heb “one and a half cubits” (i.e., 78.75 cm).

[40:42]  ⁷⁰ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[41:7]  ⁷¹ tc The Hebrew is difficult here. The Targum envisions a winding ramp or set of stairs, which entails reading the first word as a noun rather than a verb and reading the second word also not as a verb, supposing that an initial mem has been read as vav and nun. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:549.

[41:7]  ⁷² tn The Hebrew term occurs only here in the OT.

[41:8]  ⁷³ tn Heb “reed.”

[41:8]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “six cubits” (i.e., 3.15 meters).

[42:3]  ⁷⁵ tn Heb “twenty cubits” (i.e., 10.5 meters).

[42:7]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “fifty cubits” (i.e., 26.25 meters).

[43:13]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “the measurements of the altar by cubits, the cubit being a cubit and a handbreadth.” The measuring units here and in the remainder of this section are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard feet and inches, with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes. On the altar see Ezek 40:47.

[43:13]  ⁷⁸ tn The Hebrew term normally means “bosom.” Here it refers to a hollow in the ground.

[43:13]  ⁷⁹ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[43:13]  ⁸⁰ tn The word “high” is not in the Hebrew text but is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[43:13]  ⁸¹ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm).

[43:13]  ⁸² tn Heb “one span.” A span was three handbreadths, or about nine inches (i.e., 22.5 cm).

[43:13]  ⁸³ tc Heb “bulge, protuberance, mound.” The translation follows the LXX.

[43:14]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “two cubits” (i.e., 1.05 meters).

[43:14]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “one cubit” (i.e., 52.5 cm; the phrase occurs again later in this verse).

[43:14]  ⁸⁶ tn Heb “four cubits” (i.e., 2.1 meters; the phrase also occurs in the next verse).

[44:7]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “to desecrate.”

[44:7]  ⁸⁸ tc The Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read “you.” The Masoretic text reads “they.”

[44:19]  ⁸⁹ sn For a similar concept of the transmitting of holiness, see Exod 19:12-14; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Sam 6:7. Similar laws concerning the priest are found in Lev 10 and 21.

[45:1]  ⁹⁰ tn Heb “a contribution.”

[45:1]  ⁹¹ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers). The measuring units here are the Hebrew “long” cubit, consisting of a cubit (about 18 inches or 45 cm) and a handbreadth (about 3 inches or 7.5 cm), for a total of 21 inches (52.5 cm). Because modern readers are not familiar with the cubit as a unit of measurement, and due to the additional complication of the “long” cubit as opposed to the regular cubit, all measurements have been converted to American standard miles (one mile = 5,280 feet), with the Hebrew measurements and the metric equivalents given in the notes.

[45:1]  ⁹² tc The LXX reads “twenty thousand cubits.”

[45:1]  tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers).

[45:1]  ⁹³ tn Heb “holy it is in all its territory round about.”

[45:11]  ⁹⁴ sn The homer was about 5 bushels as a dry measure and 55 gallons as a liquid measure.

[46:21]  ⁹⁵ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

[48:15]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “five thousand cubits” (i.e., 2.625 kilometers).

[48:15]  ⁹⁷ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:18]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “ten thousand cubits” (i.e., 5.25 kilometers); the phrase occurs again later in this verse.

[48:21]  ⁹⁹ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).

[48:21]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “twenty-five thousand cubits” (i.e., 13.125 kilometers).